Effects of smoke

Post Date:2009-09-19
Frequency:
  • The #1 cause of death in a fire is smoke inhalation - up to 85% of all Death in a Fire / Smoke environment are due to (SI) Smoke Inhalation. We have the product that is affordable and will minimize death by the inhalation of smoke and other deadly carcinogens such as CO, HCN, HCL, Acrolein, heavy smoke, poisonous mist, powder dust, poisonous steam and gaseous toxins.
 
There are over 1 million hotel rooms in the USA
 
- Over 1 million New Homes each year built in the USA
 
- Over 2 million Business's in the USA that we all work in
 
- Over 100,000 million Homes in the USA
 
- Over 400,000 Fires each Year just in the USA
 
- Over 30,000 fatalities due to Smoke Inhalation
 
How many times do you hear on the news media about loss of life due to smoke inhalation? How many times have you turned on the news and heard about a fire in a Bank Office Building in CHICAGO in 2005, a Major Hotel in Bali in 2005, a home, nursing home, apartment building in your area, or even the loss of a loved one or friend in a fire all due to smoke inhalation. Too many lives lost needlessly.
My mother is 76 - she has 2 in her home and all of her neighbors who are also in their retirement years also have anywhere between 2 and 4 units in their homes. How much do you love your family. It is a small price to pay to save lives. This is my goal - just to save lives.
We have a local Hotel group in St. Louis that has eleven hotels that are just now in the process of placing these into their facilities. They treat these just like the mini-bar in the room – you steal it and you are charged to your credit card.

 

I carry one with me on the plane - when I travel and stay in hotels in the USA and would not go anywhere in my car without one.
 
If It will save your life or possibly others - why would you not have one for yourself.
 
Why take the chance - We all think it won't happen to me.
 
Who would have thought that the Titanic would have sunk.
 
Pearl Harbor would be bombed on December 7th.
 
The Twin Towers would be Bombed in 1993 then Destroyed on 911.
 
It is this type of thinking and complacency that is dangerous.
 
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
 

 

  • In the US: Burns and fires are the third leading cause of accidental death in all age groups. They comprise the second leading cause of death in the home for all ages and the leading cause of death in the home for children and young adults. In 1998, approximately 381,500 residential fires occurred in the US, resulting in 3,250 non-firefighter deaths, 17,175 injuries, and nearly $4.4 billion in property loss. These figures do not include the estimated 90% of fires not reported to fire departments. More than half of all fatal residential fires started between the hours of 11 pm and 7 am.
Incidence of SI increases from less than 10% in patients with a mean total body surface area (TBSA) burn size of 5% to more than 80% in patients with a mean TBSA burn size of 85% or more. SI is present in one third of patients treated at burn centers. The magnitude of SI is devastating, as the presence of an inhalation injury has a greater effect on mortality than either patient age or surface area burned.
  • Internationally: The US has one of the highest fire fatality rates in the developed world, accounting for 2.3 deaths per 100,000 population. In fact, fire death rates in the US and Canada are twice as high as in Western Europe and Japan.
Background: Smoke inhalation (SI) was described as early as the first century AD, when Pliny reported the execution of prisoners by exposure to the smoke of greenwood fires.
Many victims of fire accidents have both SI and thermal injury. Inhalation injury from smoke and the noxious products of combustion in fires may account for as many as 85% of fire-related deaths in the US, many of which are preventable. Even though the excellence of care rendered at today's burn centers has greatly reduced the mortality from surface burns, the mortality from pulmonary injury has been increasing. Diagnosis of inhalation injury is not always straightforward, sensitive screening tests are lacking, and symptoms may be delayed until 24-36 hours after injury.
Pathophysiology: The 3 primary mechanisms that lead to injury in SI are thermal damage, asphyxiation, and pulmonary irritation.
Thermal damage
Thermal damage usually is limited to the oropharyngeal area. This is due to the poor conductivity of air and the high amount of dissipation that occurs in the upper airways. Animal experiments have shown that if air at 142°C is inhaled, then by the time it reaches the carina it will have cooled to 38°C. Steam, volatile gases, explosive gases, and the aspiration of hot liquids provide some exceptions, as moist air has a much greater heat-carrying capacity than dry air.
Asphyxiation
Tissue hypoxia can occur secondary to several mechanisms. Combustion utilizes oxygen, which in a closed space may be consumed, significantly decreasing the ambient concentration of oxygen to as low as 10-13%. The decrease in fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) leads to hypoxia, despite adequate circulation and oxygen-carrying capacity.
Carbon monoxide (CO) causes tissue hypoxia by decreasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin binds CO with an affinity more than 200 times greater than the affinity for oxygen. CO also causes a left shift in the oxyhemoglobin saturation dissociation curve. CO has been shown to bind to the cytochrome oxidase chain in vitro. Finally, CO decreases myocardial contractility.
Combustion of plastics, polyurethane, wool, silk, nylon, nitriles, rubber, and paper products can lead to the production of cyanide (CN) gas. Consider CN toxicity in all SI patients with CNS or cardiovascular findings. CN is a chemical asphyxiant that interferes with cellular metabolism by binding to the ferric ion on cytochrome a3, subsequently halting cellular respiration. As a consequence of the cessation of the electron transport system, anaerobic metabolism ensues, with corresponding high lactate acidosis and decreased oxygen consumption.
Methemoglobinemia occurs in fire due to heat denaturation of hemoglobin, oxides produced in fire, and methemoglobin-forming materials such as nitrites. Occurrence of methemoglobinemia is a rarer phenomenon than CN and CO toxicity. The pathophysiologic consequences of methemoglobin formation are a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left, similar to carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO).
Pulmonary irritation
Irritants can cause direct tissue injury, acute bronchospasm, and activation of the body's inflammatory response system. Activated leukocytes and/or humoral mediators, such as prostanoids and leukotrienes, produce oxygen radicals and proteolytic enzymes. Supporting the importance of the inflammatory response to the mechanism of tissue destruction, some studies have shown that the administration of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen, was found to reduce the lung lymph flow in animals with SI. The direct injury is a consequence of the size of the particle, its solubility in water, and its acid-base status. Ammonia produces alkaline injury, while sulfur dioxide and chlorine gas lead to acid injuries. Other chemicals act via different mechanisms; for instance, acrolein causes free radical formation and protein denaturation.
The location of injury depends on the solubility of the substance in water. High-solubility substances such as acrolein, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen chloride cause injury to the upper airway. Substances with intermediate solubility, such as chlorine and isocyanates, cause upper and lower respiratory tract injury. Phosgene and oxides of nitrogen have low water solubility and cause diffuse parenchymal injury.

 

 
 
Think about how many lives could have been saved in the Twin Towers on 9-11-2001 if these Smoke and Fire Safety Hoods / Masks were available. Or even most recently at a Paris hotel when babies were being thrown from the Hotel 3rd floor because they could not breathe. Even the recent bombing in New York next to the British Embassy - the list goes on and on.
 
A smoke detector only warns us - the Fire Safety Hood - “Safe Escape” protects us.
 
With terrorists threats ever present - hotels, churches, theaters, supermarkets, department stores, schools, office buildings, warehouses, utility, chemical plants, homes and other areas where large groups of people congregate all potentially traps for death by smoke and fire.
 
Guaranteed up to 60 minutes of protection
 
Plenty of time for you and your loved ones to exit safely with “Safe Escape”.